Psalm 10 → 47
Reasoning: 12160 Output: 5103 Total: 17263
Argument
Thesis in a sentence: Psalm 47 reads like the public, liturgical answer to Psalm 10’s lament—what Psalm 10 asks God to do (arise, judge, end human terror, assert kingship over the nations and the land), Psalm 47 celebrates as accomplished (God ascends to his throne with shofar, subdues nations, chooses Jacob’s inheritance, and is acclaimed King over all the earth). Key links (from most to least “textually specific,” emphasizing rare/identical items and shared roots) - Kingship as the hinge - Ps 10:16 “יְהוָה מֶלֶךְ עוֹלָם וָעֶד” (YHWH is King forever) closes the lament. - Ps 47:3, 8–9 piles on kingship: “מֶלֶךְ גָּדוֹל עַל כָּל־הָאָרֶץ,” “מֶלֶךְ כָּל־הָאָרֶץ,” “מָלַךְ אֱלֹהִים עַל־גּוֹיִם,” “יָשַׁב עַל־כִּסֵּא קָדְשׁוֹ.” Same root מלך, same semantic field, now expanded from Israel’s confession (10:16) to universal acclamation (47). - Nations and land: from prayer to outcome - Ps 10:16 “אָבְדוּ גוֹיִם מֵאַרְצוֹ”; 10:18 “בַּל־יוֹסִיף עוֹד לַעֲרֹץ אֱנוֹשׁ מִן־הָאָרֶץ.” - Ps 47:4, 9–10 “יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּינוּ … תַּחַת רַגְלֵינוּ”; “מָלַךְ אֱלֹהִים עַל־גּוֹיִם”; “מָגִנֵּי־אֶרֶץ לֵאלֹהִים.” Identical lemmas גּוֹיִם and אֶרֶץ; the “man of the earth who terrifies” (10:18) is replaced by “the shields/rulers of the earth” belonging to God (47:10). - “Arise” answered by “ascend” - Ps 10:12 “קוּמָה יְהוָה … נְשָׂא יָדֶךָ” (Arise, lift your hand). - Ps 47:6 “עָלָה אֱלֹהִים בִּתְרוּעָה יְהוָה בְּקוֹל שׁוֹפָר.” The movement-words (קוּם/נָשָׂא → עָלָה) and theophanic sound (shofar) mark the prayer as answered in a public enthronement. - From hiddenness to enthronement - Ps 10:1, 11 “תַּעֲמֹד בְּרָחוֹק … הִסְתִּיר פָּנָיו” (God far off, hiding his face). - Ps 47:9 “יָשַׁב עַל־כִּסֵּא קָדְשׁוֹ” (God sits on his holy throne). Same verb ישב occurs in both psalms, but for different sitters: 10:8 “יֵשֵׁב בְּמַאְרַב” (the wicked sits in ambush) versus 47:9 “אֱלֹהִים יָשַׁב” (God sits enthroned). The seat moves from the ambusher’s hideout to God’s holy throne. - “Under” imagery reversed - Ps 10:7 “תַּחַת לְשׁוֹנוֹ עָמָל וָאָוֶן” (mischief under his tongue). - Ps 47:4 “וּלְאֻמִּים תַּחַת רַגְלֵינוּ” (nations under our feet). Identical preposition תַּחַת shifts from hidden evil to manifest subjugation. - Pride: same root, new owner - Ps 10:2 “בְּגַאֲוַת רָשָׁע” (in the arrogance of the wicked). - Ps 47:5 “גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב” (the majesty/pride of Jacob). Same root ג־א־ה, noun-to-noun transfer from the wicked’s arrogance to Jacob’s God-given glory. - Height semantics: from distant judgments to the Most High - Ps 10:5 “מָרוֹם מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ מִנֶּגְדּוֹ” (Your judgments are on high, out of his sight). - Ps 47:3, 10 “יְהוָה עֶלְיוֹן נוֹרָא … נַעֲלָה.” Highness is no longer distant but acclaimed. - Ear/voice linkage - Ps 10:17 “תַּקְשִׁיב אָזְנֶךָ” (incline your ear). - Ps 47:2, 6 repeated “בְּקוֹל” (voice)—“בְּקוֹל רִנָּה,” “בְּקוֹל שׁוֹפָר.” What God’s ear was asked to hear becomes the people’s audible praise. - From denial of Elohim to Elohim-centered praise - Ps 10:4, 13 “אֵין אֱלֹהִים … נִאֵץ אֱלֹהִים” (the wicked says “no God,” and spurns God). - Ps 47 uses אֱלֹהִים as the dominant subject (vv. 2, 6–10) and title “אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם” (v. 10), undoing the wicked’s denial with repeated confession. - Hand imagery: God’s hand to people’s hands - Ps 10:14 “לָתֵת בְּיָדֶךָ” (You take it into Your hand). - Ps 47:2 “תִּקְעוּ־כָף” (clap hands). The crisis is in God’s hand; the victory is answered with the congregation’s hands. - Covenant/inheritance frame - Ps 10:16 “מֵאַרְצוֹ” (His land) + the plea for justice for the weak (10:17–18). - Ps 47:5 “יִבְחַר־לָנוּ אֶת־נַחֲלָתֵנוּ … גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב,” and v. 10 “עַם אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם.” Land (’eretz), inheritance (naḥalah), and Abraham cohere: what 10 anticipates (nations removed from His land; justice secured) 47 depicts (inheritance chosen; nobles of the peoples gathered under Abraham’s God). - Fear relocated - Ps 10:18 “לַעֲרֹץ אֱנוֹשׁ” (human terror). - Ps 47:3 “יְהוָה עֶלְיוֹן נוֹרָא” (YHWH Most High is the One who is awesome/terrible). The object of fear shifts from men to God. Stylistic/formal observations - Both are bipartite: Ps 10 moves from description of the wicked (vv. 1–11) to direct petition/confession of kingship (vv. 12–18); Ps 47 moves from call to praise (vv. 2–5) to description of divine enthronement over the nations (vv. 6–10). Each back half is about YHWH’s kingship. - Both use strategic repetition: Ps 10 repeats “אָמַר בְּלִבּוֹ” (vv. 6, 11, 13); Ps 47 repeats “זַמְּרוּ” four times (v. 7) and “בְּקוֹל.” The interior mutterings of the wicked are answered by the public chorus of praise. Liturgical-historical plausibility - Ancient Israel’s ritual logic often runs: lament → divine intervention/victory → enthronement thanksgiving. Psalm 10 is the lament and royal confidence (“YHWH is King forever,” 10:16); Psalm 47 is the festival of enthronement/ark-procession: “עָלָה אֱלֹהִים בִּתְרוּעָה … בְּקוֹל שׁוֹפָר,” “יָשַׁב עַל־כִּסֵּא קָדְשׁוֹ,” with nations subdued and Jacob’s inheritance affirmed. This aligns with known enthronement motifs (cf. shofar, ascent, throne) and the covenantal land theme. In sum: on lexical grounds (מלך; גוֹיִם; אֶרֶץ; ישב; תַּחַת; ג־א־ה), on motif grounds (hiddenness → theophany; hand/ear → voice/hands; fear relocated; denial of Elohim → Elohim’s universal reign), and on ritual logic (lament → enthronement), Psalm 47 reads as a natural, even programmatic, sequel to Psalm 10.
Evaluation
Score: 6.5
Evaluated at: 2025-12-09T03:53:16 (UTC)
Evaluator model: gpt-5
Evaluator version: v2
Reasoning: 3328 Output: 5932 Total: 9260
Checklist
- Has verse refs: Yes
- Factual error detected: No
- Only generic motifs: No
- Counterargument considered: No
- LXX/MT numbering acknowledged: No
Vocabulary specificity: 4.0 / 10
Rich, accurate verse mapping; yet most links depend on common Psalter vocabulary/themes (מלך, גוים, ארץ, ישב, תחת, גאה). No editorial marker linking 10→47 or rare shared phrasing; counter-considerations unaddressed. Persuasive but not decisive.
Prompt
Consider Psalm 10 and Psalm 47 (reproduced below). What arguments could you make to justify that Psalm 47 logically follows on from Psalm 10? Consider stylistic similarities, similarities of form, similarities of vocab or ideas, shared roots (if you're doing the search in Hebrew), connections to sequences of events common in ancient Israelite life, mythology or history shared by the two psalms.
Rarer words are more significant than commoner words. Identical forms are more significant than similar forms. The same word class is more significant than different word classes formed from the same root. Identical roots are more significant than suppletive roots.
Psalm 10:
Psalm 10
1. לָמָ֣ה
יְ֭הוָה
תַּעֲמֹ֣ד
בְּרָח֑וֹק
תַּ֝עְלִ֗ים
לְעִתּ֥וֹת
בַּצָּרָֽה׃
2. בְּגַאֲוַ֣ת
רָ֭שָׁע
יִדְלַ֣ק
עָנִ֑י
יִתָּפְשׂ֓וּ ׀
בִּמְזִמּ֖וֹת
ז֣וּ
חָשָֽׁבוּ׃
3. כִּֽי־
הִלֵּ֣ל
רָ֭שָׁע
עַל־
תַּאֲוַ֣ת
נַפְשׁ֑וֹ
וּבֹצֵ֥עַ
בֵּ֝רֵ֗ךְ
נִ֘אֵ֥ץ ׀
יְהוָֽה׃
4. רָשָׁ֗ע
כְּגֹ֣בַהּ
אַ֭פּוֹ
בַּל־
יִדְרֹ֑שׁ
אֵ֥ין
אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים
כָּל־
מְזִמּוֹתָֽיו׃
5. יָ֘חִ֤ילוּ
דרכו
דְרָכָ֨יו ׀
בְּכָל־
עֵ֗ת
מָר֣וֹם
מִ֭שְׁפָּטֶיךָ
מִנֶּגְדּ֑וֹ
כָּל־
צ֝וֹרְרָ֗יו
יָפִ֥יחַ
בָּהֶֽם׃
6. אָמַ֣ר
בְּ֭לִבּוֹ
בַּל־
אֶמּ֑וֹט
לְדֹ֥ר
וָ֝דֹ֗ר
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
לֹֽא־
בְרָֽע׃
7. אָלָ֤ה ׀
פִּ֣יהוּ
מָ֭לֵא
וּמִרְמ֣וֹת
וָתֹ֑ךְ
תַּ֥חַת
לְ֝שׁוֹנ֗וֹ
עָמָ֥ל
וָאָֽוֶן׃
8. יֵשֵׁ֤ב ׀
בְּמַאְרַ֬ב
חֲצֵרִ֗ים
בַּֽ֭מִּסְתָּרִים
יַהֲרֹ֣ג
נָקִ֑י
עֵ֝ינָ֗יו
לְֽחֵלְכָ֥ה
יִצְפֹּֽנוּ׃
9. יֶאֱרֹ֬ב
בַּמִּסְתָּ֨ר ׀
כְּאַרְיֵ֬ה
בְסֻכֹּ֗ה
יֶ֭אֱרֹב
לַחֲט֣וֹף
עָנִ֑י
יַחְטֹ֥ף
עָ֝נִ֗י
בְּמָשְׁכ֥וֹ
בְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃
10. ודכה
יִדְכֶּ֥ה
יָשֹׁ֑חַ
וְנָפַ֥ל
בַּ֝עֲצוּמָּ֗יו
חלכאים
חֵ֣יל
כָּאִֽים׃
11. אָמַ֣ר
בְּ֭לִבּוֹ
שָׁ֣כַֽח
אֵ֑ל
הִסְתִּ֥יר
פָּ֝נָ֗יו
בַּל־
רָאָ֥ה
לָנֶֽצַח׃
12. קוּמָ֤ה
יְהוָ֗ה
אֵ֭ל
נְשָׂ֣א
יָדֶ֑ךָ
אַל־
תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח
עניים
עֲנָוִֽים׃
13. עַל־
מֶ֤ה ׀
נִאֵ֖ץ
רָשָׁ֥ע ׀
אֱלֹהִ֑ים
אָמַ֥ר
בְּ֝לִבּ֗וֹ
לֹ֣א
תִדְרֹֽשׁ׃
14. רָאִ֡תָה
כִּֽי־
אַתָּ֤ה ׀
עָ֘מָ֤ל
וָכַ֨עַס ׀
תַּבִּיט֮
לָתֵ֢ת
בְּיָ֫דֶ֥ךָ
עָ֭לֶיךָ
יַעֲזֹ֣ב
חֵלֶ֑כָה
יָ֝ת֗וֹם
אַתָּ֤ה ׀
הָיִ֬יתָ
עוֹזֵֽר׃
15. שְׁ֭בֹר
זְר֣וֹעַ
רָשָׁ֑ע
וָ֝רָ֗ע
תִּֽדְרוֹשׁ־
רִשְׁע֥וֹ
בַל־
תִּמְצָֽא׃
16. יְהוָ֣ה
מֶ֭לֶךְ
עוֹלָ֣ם
וָעֶ֑ד
אָבְד֥וּ
ג֝וֹיִ֗ם
מֵֽאַרְצֽוֹ׃
17. תַּאֲוַ֬ת
עֲנָוִ֣ים
שָׁמַ֣עְתָּ
יְהוָ֑ה
תָּכִ֥ין
לִ֝בָּ֗ם
תַּקְשִׁ֥יב
אָזְנֶֽךָ׃
18. לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט
יָת֗וֹם
וָ֫דָ֥ךְ
בַּל־
יוֹסִ֥יף
ע֑וֹד
לַעֲרֹ֥ץ
אֱ֝נ֗וֹשׁ
מִן־
הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Psalm 47:
Psalm 47
1. לַמְנַצֵּ֬חַ ׀
לִבְנֵי־
קֹ֬רַח
מִזְמֽוֹר׃
2. כָּֽל־
הָ֭עַמִּים
תִּקְעוּ־
כָ֑ף
הָרִ֥יעוּ
לֵ֝אלֹהִ֗ים
בְּק֣וֹל
רִנָּֽה׃
3. כִּֽי־
יְהוָ֣ה
עֶלְי֣וֹן
נוֹרָ֑א
מֶ֥לֶךְ
גָּ֝דוֹל
עַל־
כָּל־
הָאָֽרֶץ׃
4. יַדְבֵּ֣ר
עַמִּ֣ים
תַּחְתֵּ֑ינוּ
וּ֝לְאֻמִּ֗ים
תַּ֣חַת
רַגְלֵֽינוּ׃
5. יִבְחַר־
לָ֥נוּ
אֶת־
נַחֲלָתֵ֑נוּ
אֶ֥ת
גְּא֨וֹן
יַעֲקֹ֖ב
אֲשֶׁר־
אָהֵ֣ב
סֶֽלָה׃
6. עָלָ֣ה
אֱ֭לֹהִים
בִּתְרוּעָ֑ה
יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה
בְּק֣וֹל
שׁוֹפָֽר׃
7. זַמְּר֣וּ
אֱלֹהִ֣ים
זַמֵּ֑רוּ
זַמְּר֖וּ
לְמַלְכֵּ֣נוּ
זַמֵּֽרוּ׃
8. כִּ֤י
מֶ֖לֶךְ
כָּל־
הָאָ֥רֶץ
אֱלֹהִ֗ים
זַמְּר֥וּ
מַשְׂכִּֽיל׃
9. מָלַ֣ךְ
אֱ֭לֹהִים
עַל־
גּוֹיִ֑ם
אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים
יָשַׁ֤ב ׀
עַל־
כִּסֵּ֬א
קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃
10. נְדִ֘יבֵ֤י
עַמִּ֨ים ׀
נֶאֱסָ֗פוּ
עַם֮
אֱלֹהֵ֢י
אַבְרָ֫הָ֥ם
כִּ֣י
לֵֽ֭אלֹהִים
מָֽגִנֵּי־
אֶ֗רֶץ
מְאֹ֣ד
נַעֲלָֽה׃